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Methods of Treatment for Water Contaminants
Calcium
Source of Calcium
Calcium is the major component of hardness in water and is usually in the range of 5 - 500 mg/i, as CaCO3. Calcium is derived from nearly all rock, but the greatest concentrations come from limestone and gypsum. Calcium ions are the principal cations in most natural waters. Calcium reduction is required in treating cooling tower makeup. Complete removal is required in metal finishing, textile operations, and boiler feed applications.Treatment of Calcium
Calcium, as with all hardness, can be removed with a simple sodium form cation exchanger (softener). Reverse Osmosis will remove 95% - 98% of the calcium in the water. Electrodialysis and Ultrafiltration also will remove calcium. Calcium can also be removed with the hydrogen form cation exchanger portion of a deionizer system.Other Contaminants
- Acidic Water
- Aluminum
- Ammonia
- Arsenic
- Bacteria
- Barium
- Benzene
- Bicarbonate
- Borate (Boron)
- Bromine (Bromide)
- Cadmium
- Calcium
- Carbon Dioxide
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Chloride
- Chlorine
- Chromium
- Color
- Copper
- Cryptosporidium
- Cyanide
- Fluoride
- Giardia Lamblia
- Hardness
- Hydrogen Sulfide
- Iron
- Lead
- Legionella
- Magnesium
- Manganese
- Mercury
- Methane
- Nickel
- Nitrate
- Nitrite
- Odor
- Organics
- Pesticides
- pH
- Potassium
- Radium
- Radon
- Selenium
- Silica
- Silver
- SOC's
- Sodium
- Strontium
- Sulfate
- Taste
- THM's
- TOC
- Total Dissolved Solids
- Turbidity
- Uranium
- Viruses
- VOCs